The Picture Show : NPR

The Picture Show : NPR

Victoria Claflin Woodhull running for president in 1872

For Women’s History Month, I wanted to highlight Victoria Woodhull, who wrote a letter to the New York Herald in 1870 announcing that she was running for president. At the time, women were not allowed to vote, but there were no laws against launching a presidential campaign — perhaps because no one could have imagined that a woman ever would.

Woodhull was a passionate suffragist who has mostly been forgotten by history. The suffragists of her time kept their distance because she had other “scandalous” views they didn’t want to tarnish their cause. She was also a divorced woman with a controversial past, as a Spiritualist clairvoyant and the daughter of a conman who had roped his family into numerous criminal schemes.

However, as someone who went from uneducated bumpkin to one of the richest and most controversial people of her era, and someone who was not afraid to take action against injustices, and who went from riches back to rags in order to promote her ideas for a better nation, she ought to stand amongst the most iconic Americans in history.

Long before Kamala Harris, and long before Hillary Clinton, there was Victoria Claflin Woodhull. The first woman to run for president of the United States did so 50 years before women were even allowed to vote.

Victoria Woodhull grew up very poor in a large family in rural Ohio, sometimes even having to beg for food. Her father was a snake oil salesman and she and her sister made a living for the family as traveling clairvoyants and healers.

She married Canning Woodhull at the age of 15 and quickly discovered he was an alcoholic and “womanizer,” who would abandon her for weeks at a time. She had two children and supported her new family as an actress and clairvoyant. After 11 years, she divorced her husband and moved to New York where she and her sister caught the ear of the richest tycoon in the nation.

With his help, she and her sister became the first female stockbrokers on Wall Street, to the shock of New York City. It would be a century before another woman ran a brokerage.

They took their newfound fortune and started the first newspaper in the country run by women, in which they shared their radical thoughts on workers’ rights and “free love.” Free love was the idea that all people should have the right to love who they want and marry and divorce without restraint. At the time, it was a scandalous thought.

Women in the 19th century were bound into marriages with few options to escape, and they were socially ostracized if they did divorce, which Woodhull knew from experience. Although, she did go on to remarry twice more.

Woodhull became the first woman to testify before a congressional committee, arguing that women already had the right to vote — that the 14th and 15th amendments guaranteed that right to all citizens. Her logic impressed many, but Congress did not budge.

In 1871, she and other women attempted to vote, asking election officials: "By what right do you refuse to accept the vote of citizens of the United States?" They were not allowed to vote.

In 1872, she was named the Equal Rights Party’s nominee to be the next president of the United States. In addition to woman’s suffrage, she supported: an 8-hour work day, public education for all, liberal divorce laws, and 1-term limits for presidents.

She chose Frederick Douglass as her VP (unbeknownst to him), with the goal of uniting suffragists and civil rights activists. He never acknowledged the nomination. She gave rousing speeches to numerous large crowds.

A few days before the election, she was arrested on obscenity charges for publishing the story of a famous preacher’s affair and sending a copy of it through the mail. The Beecher story was the biggest celebrity scandal and trial of the era, and she had broken it.

Woodhull and her husband and sister were held in jail for the next month, keeping her from voting during the election and raising questions about government persecution.

Ulysses S. Grant went on to win reelection. Ironically, Victoria’s gender didn’t prevent her from being nominated, but her youthful age of 34 did disqualify her from presidency. She ran anyway, to advance her ideas on workers’ and women’s rights.

Victoria made her mark by looking far beyond the right to vote (which she believed she already had), and pushing for women to hold the highest office in the land, establishing the path that many others have since attempted.

As of today, 24 women have run for president and undoubtedly many more will.

Jackie Lay works on the Visuals team at NPR. She’s an animator and illustrator who has been published at The Atlantic, Vox and The Washington Post. Find more of her work online, at JackieLay.com.

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