Nasal sprays are often the go-to remedy for relief from a blocked nose or persistent allergies. Their quick, targeted action makes them a convenient option for many. But what happens if this seemingly harmless solution is overused? The answer might surprise you.
Dr Shama Kovale, Consultant ENT Surgeon at Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, explains that nasal sprays come in different types, each with specific uses:
- Decongestant Sprays: These contain active ingredients like xylometazoline or oxymetazoline. They work by shrinking swollen blood vessels in the nasal passages, providing almost instant relief from congestion.
- Saline Sprays: The safest of the lot, saline sprays help prevent crusting in the nasal cavity without any side effects.
- Corticosteroid Sprays: Used primarily for conditions like allergic rhinitis, these sprays reduce inflammation and manage allergy symptoms effectively.
Risks of overusing nasal sprays
While nasal sprays offer immediate relief, Dr Kovale said overuse can lead to unintended side effects:
1. Rebound Congestion (Rhinitis Medicamentosa)
Overusing decongestant sprays can result in rebound congestion. This condition occurs when the nasal passages become dependent on the spray to remain open, leading to a vicious cycle of usage and worsening symptoms.
2. Dependency
Frequent and prolonged use of decongestants can cause psychological or physiological dependency, making it difficult to breathe without the spray.
3. Dryness and Bleeding
Both corticosteroid and decongestant sprays, when overused, can dry out the nasal lining, leading to irritation and occasional bleeding.
4. Long-term Risks of Corticosteroids
Prolonged use of corticosteroid sprays can lead to side effects such as osteoporosis in rare cases, especially in vulnerable groups like postmenopausal women.
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Pregnant women should be careful about using nasal sprays (file)
Who should use nasal sprays with caution?
Certain groups should avoid or use nasal sprays cautiously:
- Pregnant or Lactating Women: Safety during these periods is not always guaranteed, so consultation with a doctor is advised.
- Children Under 6 Years: Use is generally not recommended unless supervised by a medical professional
- People with Glaucoma or High Blood Pressure: These conditions can worsen with decongestant sprays.
Safe usage tips
To minimise risks, follow these guidelines:
- Stick to Recommended Dosages: Most decongestant sprays should not be used for more than 3–5 consecutive days.
- Consult a Specialist: Seek advice if symptoms persist. An ENT specialist can recommend safe alternatives or long-term treatment plans.
- Use Saline Sprays: If you need a safer, everyday option, saline sprays are an excellent choice.
DISCLAIMER: This article is based on information from the public domain and/or the experts we spoke to. Always consult your health practitioner before starting any routine.