For many Indian students, English reading and writing skills come naturally, thanks to academic exposure. However, when it comes to speaking, confidence often takes a hit. The key to overcoming this challenge is practice — lots of it. Engaging in conversations with peers, participating in discussion groups, and using language-learning apps can significantly boost fluency. Schools and colleges must focus on communication-driven activities such as role-playing, debates, and real-life scenario-based exercises to make learning practical and engaging. Additionally, exposure to English through films, podcasts, and social interactions can help improve pronunciation and listening skills, bridging the gap between comprehension and expression.
In today’s digitally connected world, English has become more than just a subject — it is a bridge that connects diverse linguistic communities, especially in multilingual nations like India. Over the past decade, the role of English has evolved, fuelled by digital transformation, online education, and globalisation. From workplace collaboration to higher education and business communication, proficiency in English has become essential for career growth. While regional languages continue to flourish, English has evolved into a crucial tool for social mobility, economic opportunity, and broader integration in an increasingly interconnected world.
AI’s role in English learning and assessments
With artificial intelligence (AI) and digital innovation transforming education, English learning is undergoing a revolution. AI-powered tools are making learning more personalised and efficient by tailoring educational content to individual needs. Platforms can now adjust content in real-time based on student performance, catering to different learning styles and paces. AI is also enabling more dynamic and interactive assessments, moving beyond traditional exams. Automated grading, AI-driven formative assessments, and low-stakes testing are helping evaluate a broader range of skills, including critical thinking and communication.
However, assessing productive skills like speaking and writing remains a challenge. Large language models have emerged as a promising solution, offering authentic evaluations in ways traditional testing could not. AI is also being leveraged to ensure fairness by detecting cheating patterns. The British Council, for example, is integrating AI into English learning and assessment while maintaining a human-led approach to ensure effective outcomes. Rather than replacing teachers, AI empowers them with insights to enhance learning experiences.
What defines English proficiency in a global context?
In today’s multicultural world, proficiency in English is no longer about mastering one particular accent or dialect. Instead, it’s about adaptability — the ability to understand and communicate effectively with speakers from diverse linguistic backgrounds. The emphasis has shifted from rigid correctness to clarity and comprehension. Whether in professional, academic, or social settings, the focus is on the confidence to engage meaningfully rather than achieving a single “standard” pronunciation.
India’s standing in global English proficiency rankings
India ranked 69th in the EF English Proficiency Index 2024. Given the country’s vast and diverse population, addressing the varied needs of English learners remains a challenge. While many Indians use English in their daily lives, proficiency levels vary significantly across regions and education systems. Technology is expected to play a crucial role in bridging this gap, ensuring that learners — regardless of their background — have access to the resources they need to develop strong language skills.
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Bridging the resource gap in rural and government schools
One of the biggest hurdles in English education is the disparity in access to resources, especially in rural and government schools. Organisations like the British Council are stepping in to address this issue. Through initiatives such as English Connects, the British Council provides free learning resources for teachers and students. By equipping educators with effective tools and professional development opportunities, these programmes aim to enhance teaching practices and make English learning more accessible across diverse educational settings.
How English assessments are evolving for employment
As workplaces demand stronger communication skills, English assessments are evolving to better reflect real-world requirements. Traditional exams are no longer enough; modern assessments now focus on all four key language skills — listening, speaking, reading, and writing — to provide a holistic measure of proficiency. Employers seek candidates who can engage in discussions, deliver presentations, interpret complex texts, and write professionally. This shift ensures that candidates are better prepared for global job markets.
Strengthening domestic English assessments
With many Indian students and professionals taking international exams like IELTS for migration and job opportunities, domestic assessments need to match global standards. Aligning these tests with internationally recognised frameworks such as the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) can enhance their credibility. A stronger focus on evaluating all language skills will make domestic assessments more reliable, increasing their acceptance both within India and globally.
Gen Z’s influence on English language evolution
Languages evolve with every generation, and English is no exception. Today’s Gen Z is redefining English by introducing new words and expressions that reflect their unique social and digital experiences. Terms like chameleoning, benching, delulu — which describe social adaptability — illustrate how young people create language to capture modern realities. Just as previous generations coined new terms, Gen Z’s influence is shaping the way English is used in daily life.
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The growing acceptance of Hinglish and other linguistic blends
Two decades ago, purists frowned upon mixing English with regional languages. Today, even the Oxford Dictionary has recognised certain Hinglish terms. English has always borrowed from other languages, adapting to cultural shifts. As linguistic influences become more widespread, they gain acceptance in mainstream usage. The growing inclusion of Hinglish words reflects how language naturally evolves to accommodate the needs and identities of its speakers.
The future of English learning
The future of English language learning lies at the intersection of human expertise and technological innovation. AI, digital tools, and evolving assessments are shaping a new learning landscape — one that is more inclusive, efficient, and reflective of real-world communication needs. Whether for career advancement, global mobility, or social interaction, English continues to adapt, ensuring it remains a vital tool in an increasingly digital and interconnected world.
(The author is the Managing Director, of British Council Education)